Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria... - dofaq.co
pope pius ix

Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria...

wikipedia - 31 Dec 2022
Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti;[a] 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner of the Vatican".

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