The majority of flashes observed are inferior-mirage or mock-mirage ef...
wikipedia - 26 Apr 2021The majority of flashes observed are inferior-mirage or mock-mirage effects, with the others constituting only 1% of reports. Some types not listed in the table above, such as the cloud-top flash (seen as the Sun sinks into a coastal fog, or at distant cumulus clouds), are not understood.[1]